Running Head : BEE BIOLOGY Bee Biology [Name] [University] Bee Biology 1 . Discuss pesticide problems relating to beekeeping , including symptoms , distinguishing from disease and preventing pesticide impact .Adult Parasites :Varroa Mites Caused by the parasitic mite called Varroa Destructor (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association , 2007 .Symptoms include : existence of adult mites on adult bees , brood , or hive debris adults have their abdomens shortened , wings distorted , and legs are deformed and lastly , adult population and brood area declines dramatically , with blotchy brood pattern (North Carolina State University , 2007 .It can be prevented through using screened bottom boards , mite-tolerant stocks , drone-blood trapping , and management of still dusts (North Carolina State University , 2007 .Varroa mites can be detected using sugar shake or ether roll , sticky board , alcohol wash , or drone-blood inspection or visual inspection .Treatments :Spring (before honey flow )The use of volatile treatment (thymol , formic acid , etc ) should not be used for they can cause reduction in the brood area . Appropriate dosage of Apistan or checkmite can be used as long as the mites have not formerly developed a resistance (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association , 2007 .Late spring /summer (during /immediately following honey flow )Chemical treatments should never be used while hone supers are on hives .Exploit one or more systems of preclusion , for instance , the use of screened bottom boards or mite-tolerant stock (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association , 2007 .Autumn (preparing for winter )Test regularly for mites , if possible once a month .Alternate treatments regularly to lessen the comprehensive exposure of any chemical for mites (Buncombe Country Beekeepers Association , 2007 .Nosema Caused by the protozoan , Nosema apis Stress from periods of long confinement , fast brood build-up , sustenance discrepancy and bad weather are some factors that may cause the existence of Nosema (Stanford , 2003 .Symptoms consist of distension of the abdomens and paralyzed behaviors of adults .In order to control the disease , practice proper management technique while using the antibiotic fumagilin (Fumidil B , Nosem X (Stanford ,2003 .Other adult bee diseases include rickettsial disease , amoeba disease ,spiroplasmas , and many others .Brood Diseases :American Foulbrood Caused by spore-forming bacterium called Paenibacillus larvae larvae (Stanford , 2003 .Symptoms consist of sour or “of a glue pot ‘ odor pierced or sunken capping and resultant sticky black scales (Stanford , 2003 .To prevent the disease secure hygienic stocks avoid robbing by keeping colonies strong minimize comb swapping between hives replace three combs in the brood chamber every year with foundation or drawn combs from honey supers and disinfect bee hives or suspect frames and brood boxes at the NCDA fumigation chamber using ethylene oxide (North Carolina State University , 2007 .If the disease is already present , treatments include burning of all frames and euthanizing of bees scorching or fumigation of empty brood boxes , bottom boards , inner covers , and lids lastly , contact your regional Apiary inspector (North Carolina State University , 2007 .European Foulbrood Caused by the bacterium Melissococcus pluton and associated flora Symptoms include a characteristic odor rare presence of perforated or hollow cappings and a resultant black scale , which is often twisted in…