DNA 1 . Deoxyribosenucleic Acid or DNA serves as the central blueprint for the development of organisms . The DNA molecule is a polymer , a molecule formed by multiple repeating units – the nucleotide . This makes the DNA molecule a polynucleotide similar to how carbohydrates are polysaccharides and proteins are polypeptides . These nucleotide units form two strands which are linked together , and twist around one another forming the characteristic “Double-Helix ‘ form of DNA . Each of the nucleotides is composed of a sugar phosphate back with one of four possible bases attached to it . Each nucleotide is attached to one another through the sugar phosphate back , making the sugar phosphates into the backbone of the strand with the bases sticking out . There are four bases in DNA : adenine , guanine , cytosine and thymine . These bases are often referred to by their first letters – A , C , T and G .The two strands are connected through hydrogen bonds across the bases .Each base forms a bond with only one base , adenine connects with thymine and guanine connects with cytosine . This set pairing means that one can infer the sequence of bases in one strand of DNA by looking at the sequence of bases in the other strand . The hydrogen bonds which connects base pairs together are much weaker compared to the covalent bonds across the sugar phosphate backbone . This means that the two strands can be separated easily .2 . It is the presence of a sequence of bases which allows DNA to carry information . These bases serve as the alphabet of genetics , spelling out information based on the ordering of four letters – A , C , T and G .However , just like any alphabet , the letters (or bases in this instance )are meaningless by themselves . When the letters of the alphabet begin to spell out words , then we can extract some semblance of meaning from them . In the case of DNA , the different base-pair “letters , when found in the proper order , spell out the directions for the synthesis of proteins . This method of transcription from DNA to proteins forms the central dogma of molecular biology .The words which the DNA base pairs spell out are three letter words which correspond to a specific amino acid . These amino acids , when they are connected together form a polypeptide chain – a protein . These proteins then carry out the main activities inside the cell . Proteins are responsible for regulating cell homeostasis , they are responsible as the building blocks of cell (and consequently , tissue ) structure ,protect the cell from foreign contaminants among other things . More importantly , these proteins are responsible for creating other proteins (via the information from the DNA strand ) as well as for replicating the DNA strand itself in preparation for cellular reproduction . In a way ,these proteins form the machinery of the cell with carbohydrates and fatty acids serving as the fuel and the DNA strand serving as the key blueprint for building these proteins .3 . DNA replication is a fundamental process in the reproduction of cells and eventually , whole organisms…